There are two issues here: the lens flange-focal-distance aka register (distance from lens mount to film or sensor frame), and the mount mechanics.
* REGISTER: Longer-register lenses can be used on shorter-register cameras with non-optical adapters, and can focus to infinity. Shorter-register lenses on longer-register cameras can only reach infinity focus using optical adapters that change the lens characteristics. Some relative registers, from longer to shorter:
Nikon > Olympus OM > Pentax PK/M42 > Sony-Minolta Alpha > Canon EOS > Minolta MD > Canon FD > Leica M/LTM > m4/3 > Sony NEX > Pentax Q
* MOUNT: Some lens systems use very similar physical bayonet mounts, and with fairly close registers, it's not hard to mod Nikon, Olympus OM, and Yashica C/Y lenses to Pentax PK. Canon FD is a breech-lock system; I'm not familiar with Canon EOS; but these are NOT easy to mod, and the physical structures of the lens bases just aren't amenable to re-engineering. Minolta (Alpha and MD) are similarly beyond the range of possibility.
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I have modded Nikon, OM, C/Y, and Petri bayonet mounts to PK. (The Petri mod is non-trivial.) I have adapted Exakta and Argus mount lenses. I just *might* be able to mod a Pentacon Bayonet. But ain't no way I'm messing with Canon, Minolta, Konica, Fujica, etc. These lenses have zero PK compatability. Life is too short. If I want to play with those lenses, I'll get a NEX.